Industrial wastewater refers to the discharged wastewater generated during the production process of various industries. She can be divided into production wastewater and production wastewater.

In the process of aquaculture, the quality of water directly affects the growth and development of aquaculture products, as well as the quality and quantity of aquatic products. Therefore, water quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring the stability of the aquaculture environment and the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

Surface water refers to the water body above the surface or groundwater level. The pollutants entering the surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and oceans should be monitored regularly to grasp the current situation and development trend of water quality.

The conventional indicators in water quality, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, as well as monitoring indicators such as residual chlorine, heavy metals, and microorganisms, have a direct impact on human health.

Laboratory wastewater is mainly a comprehensive wastewater generated from drugs, reagents, test solutions, and instrument cleaning. Laboratory wastewater usually contains various pollutants such as organic matter, inorganic salts, and heavy metal ions.

Agricultural non-point source pollution refers to the pollution caused by dispersed pollution sources such as sediment, pesticides, waste, pathogenic bacteria, etc., to ecosystems such as water layers, lakes, riverbanks, riverbanks, and the atmosphere. Due to the wide and universal nature of agricultural production activities, as well as the wide range, randomness, strong concealment, difficulty in monitoring, quantification, and difficulty in controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, it has become an important pollution source that currently affects the quality of rural ecological environment.

With the continuous development of medical technology, hospitals have become the main source of medical wastewater. Medical wastewater generally contains harmful substances such as infectious pathogens, antibiotics, radioactive substances, and chemicals, posing a threat to the environment and human health.